Distribution
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ls /etc/*-release
cat /etc/os-release
cat /etc/issue
uname -a
cat /proc/version
Interesting files
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cat /etc/passwd
cat /etc/group
cat /etc/shadow
cat /etc/hosts
ls -lh /var/mail/
ls -lh /usr/bin/
ls -lh /sbin/
Mounted File Systems
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df -h
mount
cat /etc/fstab
lsblk
Loaded Kernel Modules
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lsmod
/sbin/modinfo <libata> // Change for any library from lsmod command
Loaded PCI and USB Devices
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lspci
lsusb
CPU Info
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cat /proc/cpuinfo
cat /proc/meminfo `Memory`
lshw `Hardware Info`
dmesg -T